Forest Dynamics after Five Decades of Management in the Romanian Carpathians

Research Highlights: Management of the risks forests are exposed to is based on dynamics composition and structure stands forest. Background Objectives: This study aimed document forest in Romanian Carpathians over last five decades, as well estimate forecast near future (i.e., 2070). Materials Methods: The obtained results were long-term monitoring analysis species structures research areas (over decades). We performed an inventory all trees (on 7.5 ha) order characterize stand sampling plots 0.25–1.0 ha, located representative formations. Bitterlich was determine each 2930.4 ha). established accordance with characteristics natural types seedling management plans. Results: In mixed beech–coniferous stands, area beech has increased by 38%, while conifers have decreased proportionally—fir 31% spruce 5%. from 23% 65%, fir contributing 22% 42%. Stand density average 14%, current increment decreasing 3.8%. slenderness index for 73 61. future, there will be increase proportion fir, 15 33%, a reduction beech, 49 45%. reduced 17 12%. Conclusions: Based dynamics, adaptation strategies need developed improve stability ecosystems.